websights

Fill out the form to download

Required field
Required field
Not a valid email address
Required field
Required field

  • Set up your own cloud-native simulation in minutes.

    • Documentation

    SimScale DocumentationAnalysis TypesConvective Heat Transfer AnalysisDirect and Diffused Radiation

    Direct and Diffused Radiation

    Within SimScale, it is possible to model the radiation effects. This standard document explains the different types of radiations and the ones that SimScale incorporates for modeling.

    In thermal simulations, the radiation sources we have to account for are radiation produced inside the computational domain, such as from hot components like computers, or sources outside the domain, which is usually solar and interfered with by the atmosphere. As mentioned in the SimScale documentation, only diffuse radiation is supported, where radiation is omnidirectional, and this means some use cases are restricted.

    But what are the other radiation types and what do they mean?

    The following two figures visually explain direct and diffused forms of radiation. While direct radiation is unidirectional diffused radiation operates in several directions.

    direct radiation representation
    Figure 1: Direct radiation is unidirectional
    diffuse radiation representation
    Figure 2: Diffusive radiation is multidirectional

    Direct radiation is not physical where a source would emit radiation from a surface in one direction, therefore, in most physical cases, the diffusive radiation is dominant.

    Considering the dominance of diffusive radiation in most cases, why worry about directional radiation? Directional radiation might be present (or at least the directional assumption) if there is a large heat source far enough away that we consider it as a point. This assumption can be made for many problems, however, the most common occasion is when dealing with solar radiation.

    sun as a point source of radiation
    Figure 3: Point source of radiation, typically solar radiation

    Assuming that the computational domain is located somewhere on the earth’s surface, we might say that radiation from the sun is directional from the point source. However, in practice, this is not true.

    direct radiation getting diffused
    Figure 4: Direct solar radiation can get diffused due to atmospheric interactions.

    Direct solar radiation, after entering the earth’s atmosphere, might get diffused based upon cloud cover, particulate content, and other meteorological conditions that need to be considered.

    SimScale has a range of thermal simulation analysis types of which the following support radiation:

    Last updated: May 15th, 2025