Hello, and thank you for using the Forum!
A few points I’d like to address are:
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Symmetry faces on the top and bottom faces of the external flow domain: While it’s not technically incorrect to apply symmetry faces there, it is more commonly recommended to define slip walls.
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Pressure input in Pressure Outlet boundary condition for incompressible flows: In the case of incompressible flows, the pressure input in the Pressure Outlet boundary condition is typically specified as gauge pressure. The general approach is to use a reference pressure of 0 Pa (gauge pressure). This means that the pressure value you input is relative to the reference pressure.
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y+ value and wall resolution: When manually defining the inflation layers, it is crucial to ensure that the y+ values fall within an appropriate range. For wall functions, a common guideline is to maintain a range of 30 < y+ < 300, while for the full resolution approach, y+ should be less than or equal to 1. In the current case, it seems that there are regions on the VTOL with y+ values exceeding 1000, indicating that the wall cannot be properly resolved. This can lead to inaccuracies in the flow simulation and should be addressed by adjusting the mesh and/or refining the inflation layers.
I hope these would be helpful,
Kaan