Mesh and Element Types: The meshes for cases A through D are second-order hexahedral one-element meshes. They were created locally and imported to SimScale. For cases E through H, the standard algorithm was used to generate a second-order tetrahedral mesh.
Case
Mesh Type
Number of Nodes
Creep Formulation
Element Type
A
2nd order hexahedral
20
Norton
Standard
B
2nd order hexahedral
20
Norton
Reduced integration
C
2nd order hexahedral
20
Time Hardening
Standard
D
2nd order hexahedral
20
Time Hardening
Reduced integration
E
2nd order standard
235
Norton
Standard
F
2nd order standard
235
Norton
Reduced integration
G
2nd order standard
235
Time Hardening
Standard
H
2nd order standard
235
Time Hardening
Reduced integration
Table 2: Case overview
Figure 2: Generated second order mesh with SimScale for cases E-H
Target field component: Internal variable V1 (accumulated unelastic strain)
Threshold value: 0.00005
Timestep calculation: Mixed
Field change target: 0.00004
Result Comparison
The secondary creep movement validation is done by comparing the stress (\(\sigma_{xx}\)) after a creep time of 1000 hours. Below you will find the SimScale and reference results from [NAFEMS]\(^1\):
Case
NAFEMS R27[MPa]
SimScale [MPa]
Error [%]
A
1007.7
1008.23
-0.053
B
1007.7
1008.23
-0.053
C
1007.7
1008.23
-0.053
D
1007.7
1008.23
-0.053
E
1007.7
1008.23
-0.053
F
1007.7
1008.23
-0.053
G
1007.7
1008.23
-0.053
H
1007.7
1008.23
-0.053
Table 3: Stress comparison
The displacement of the geometry can be seen below:
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